Ten questions. The result tells you which lessons you may skip.
In a Coolidge tube the filament current is increased while the tube voltage stays the same. What happens?
About what fraction of the energy of the electrons that strike the target of an X-ray tube becomes X-rays?
An X-ray tube runs at \(31\,\text{kV}\). Take \(hc = 1240\,\text{eV nm}\). The shortest wavelength it gives is
The continuous X-ray spectrum is produced when
The tube voltage is doubled. On the intensity-wavelength graph,
The Kβ line of an element, compared with its Kα line, has
A molybdenum target has a K edge of \(20.0\,\text{keV}\) and a Kα line of \(17.5\,\text{keV}\). The least tube voltage at which the Kα line appears is
Copper (\(Z = 29\)) has its Kα line at \(0.154\,\text{nm}\). By Moseley's law, the Kα line of lanthanum (\(Z = 57\)) is at about
Moseley's law for Kα lines has \(Z - 1\) instead of \(Z\) because
X-rays of \(0.15\,\text{nm}\) fall on crystal planes \(0.30\,\text{nm}\) apart. The first-order reflection is at a glancing angle of about